Visit to Wounded Knee cemetery and memorial site – with monument reading “This monument is erected by surviving relatives and other Ogallala and Cheyenne River Sioux Indians in memory of the Big Foot Massacre Dec. 29, 1899.”

The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as the Battle of Wounded Knee,took place in 1890 as part of the U.S. Army’s Pine Ridge Campaign to stop the resistance movements of the Lakota People, including a fear of resurgence and mobilization through their use of the ghost dance. Three hundred Lakota men, women, and children were killed, and 51 wounded. Historian Jeffrey Ostler wrote in 2004: “Wounded Knee was not made up of a series of discrete unconnected events. Instead, from the disarming to the burial of the dead, it consisted of a series of acts held together by an underlying logic of racist domination.” The Wounded Knee Battlefield, the site of the massacre, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 – and In 1990, both houses of the U.S. Congress passed a resolution on the historical centennial formally expressing “deep regret” for the massacre.